Pakistan–Saudi Arabia–Turkiye Defence Pact: Towards a New Regional Security Architecture or a Limited Strategic Understanding?

^{The article analyzes the emerging Pakistan–Saudi–Türkiye defence pact, an extension of the 2025 Pakistan-Saudi SMDA, driven by waning trust in US security guarantees and rising Iranian threats. Pakistan brings manpower and nuclear deterrence, Türkiye adds defence industry and naval strength, while Pakistan also plays diplomatic bridge between Riyadh and Tehran. Though a mutual-defence clause exists, the author argues it falls short of NATO’s Article 5, likely activating only in specific scenarios (attack on Saudi territory, maritime security, infrastructure protection, counter-terrorism). The piece rejects “Sunni alliance” framing and calls the pact strategic hedging rather than a break from Washington.}