Preserving Leverage: Pakistan’s Strategic Options for Water Security under the Indus Waters Treaty

Water security in Pakistan is increasingly threatened by climate change and India’s growing non-compliance with the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), including its unilateral decision to place the treaty in “abeyance.” These developments heighten regional strategic instability and endanger agricultural and socioeconomic stability. This policy brief analyzes these risks and proposes a comprehensive, coordinated national and international policy response to safeguard Pakistan’s water resources over the long term.

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